allesennogwat
7,62 x39 Cartridge has a symbol: 7,62 x39 / 7,62-mm cartridge arr. 1943 / 7,62 x39 Kalashnikov / 7,62 x39 AK-47 / .30 Russian / 7.62x39 M 1943 / 7.62 mm M 43 / 7.62 mm Klashnikov / 7.62 Russian Short / 7.62 Vz.57 / SAA 2560 / XCR 08 039 BGC 010
Work on the interim holder of the Soviet Union began in 1939, although the question was put about that much earlier. To study the question was designed cartridge caliber 5,45 mm, and was given the task of automatic rifles for the design of this cartridge. However, with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the designers have been diverted to more urgent work.
Development of intermediate cartridge was re-launched in 1943, after members of Technical Board of the People's Commissariat of arms (IEC) were introduced to the captured samples captured at the front of the Nazis, as well as provided to the USSR to familiarize the American self-M1 carbine.
Particular attention is attracted professionals new German bullet caliber 7.92 mm with a length of 33 mm shells and developed under his carbine DCA 42 [N] to be tested in the current Army. This cartridge has a length of 48 mm mass of 16.2 g. When the mass of the bullet 8,2 g and the initial velocity of 700 m / s it provided sight-range shooting at 800 m. At the meeting it was decided that the need for a patron for the replacement of the reduced power rifle cartridge in such weapons as the self (auto) rifle and hand gun, as well as new types of small arms under him. This cartridge has a length of 48 mm mass of 16.2 g. When the mass of the bullet 8,2 g and the initial velocity of 700 m / s it provided sight-range shooting at 800 m. At the meeting it was decided that the need for a patron for the replacement of the reduced power rifle cartridge in such weapons as the self (auto) rifle and hand gun, as well as new types of small arms under him. On the basis of a new intermediate cartridge was easy to create customized automatic weapons are more effective range of fire than the pistol-machine gun. On the basis of a new intermediate cartridge was easy to create customized automatic weapons are more effective range of fire than the pistol-machine gun. Responsible for the development of a new cartridge was designated OKB-44 (later SRI-44, which in 1949 became part of the NII-61 and upgraded in 1966 in TSNIITOCHMASH).
To determine the optimal characteristics of the holder were calculated on the choice of the velocity and bullet weight for the caliber of 5,6 mm, 6,5 mm and 7,62 mm. Those calibers were selected as the most frequently encountered in practice.
The new holder caliber 7,62 mm were the following requirements: bush needs to be a modern form - without flange, lower weight and dimensions than the rifle cartridge, reduced to 20% (compared with a rifle) power chuck; energy bullets at the range 1000 m should be not less than 25 kgm. Interim cartridge was used to fire from automatic carbines, machine guns, automatic rifles and machine gun hand. Weapons under a new cartridge should be easy, including by reducing the length of the trunk. To this end, thought it possible to use rifles, machine guns (rifles) fine rifle barrels, without fear of overheating, because the shooting of which was to be carried out mainly by single shots, and only sometimes in the most critical moments of battle - automatic fire. Considering flat trajectory of one of the main characteristics of the holder of the OKB-44 from the beginning, it was agreed that this cartridge must be better than German. A patron 7,92 x33 range of direct shot (DPA) was 300 m, for our adopted DPA equal 325 m. It is September 3, 1943 by the Technical Council of the IEC were considered the first two option holder has been chosen one of them (later called the 7 ,62-mm sample 1943). Following the September meeting of all the weapons CB Research and testing of small arms and mortar GAU (NIPSMVO) have been initiated to develop a forward-looking automatic weapons ammunition.
In December 1943 the first batch of cartridges with a bullet with lead core (this assigned code holder 57-H-231) was tested on the ground. After some refinement, with the March 1944 issue has begun pilot production of 7.62-mm cartridges arr. After some refinement, with the March 1944 issue has begun pilot production of 7.62-mm cartridges arr. 1943 The original version of the holder sleeve has a length of 41 mm and a bullet with lead core, without the rear cone, and a short head.
Developed in that time, samples of weapons under a new cartridge - automatic rifle and automatic rifle (machine) - were designed primarily for shooting single shots. It was assumed that an automatic fire while shooting an automatic rifle was used only in close combat (in the range 100-200 m). Accordingly, during the development of a Bullet arr. 1943, focused on providing the necessary accuracy of shooting single shots, the shot-range of direct and punchy action bullets. High accuracy of fire with automatic fire from the new holder is not required. But later, after the adoption of the AC, the main type of fire from machine to improve the density of the fire (fire density - the number of pellets per linear meter per minute), have come to believe the shooting in bursts, regardless of the distance to the goal. It is fair, it should be noted that the probability of falling into the goal when shooting in bursts increased but slightly, while consumption increased in proportion to patrons queue.
In 1944, after receiving the first results of tests, started work on improving the holder in order to improve its accuracy and penetration. Headache (ogival) of the bullets had been extended, which made it possible to improve the ballistic coefficient, while maintaining the mass of the bullet. A bullet had entered the rear cone, thus reducing air resistance bullets fly, not only as if it was thought at subsonic speeds (ie, when shooting at long range), but also with supersonic speed bullet. To keep the overall length of cartridge casings dultse was shortened by 2 mm, and increased depth of planting a bullet in the sleeve. To keep the overall length of cartridge casings dultse was shortened by 2 mm, and increased depth of planting a bullet in the sleeve. Bush won the final length of 38.7 mm (in the marking of the length of 7,62 x39 cartridge casings indicated rounded). After that, work began on replacing the lead core of steel. The bullet with steel core has received the name - «surrogatirovannaya». Its length has increased from 22.8 mm, the first option, to 26.8 mm. The main argument for the use of low-carbon steel core, it was not so much an increase in disruptive actions of a bullet, but the savings deficit lead (50%) and manufacturability stamping core. Besides the technology of manufacturing has been borrowed from the holder of TT. It should be noted that while the primary measure of disruptive actions of a bullet was to evaluate the possibility of Perforation of steel Army helmets at ranges of 800 - 1000 m. By mid 1947, all marked on the test gaps holder arr. 1943, with an ordinary bullet was removed, and the GAU has decided to manufacture a series of rounds of ammunition and advanced weapons for the military trials.
In order to enhance the tactical capabilities of weapons of perspective, and based on the experience of creating 7.62-mm rifle cartridges for various purposes, along with the patron with an ordinary bullet, was the development of ammunition arr. 1943, with special bullets: armor-incendiary (designed in 1944), incendiary and tracer (developed in 1948). 1943, with special bullets: armor-incendiary (designed in 1944), incendiary and tracer (developed in 1948). In 1949, in conjunction with a Kalashnikov assault rifle by the Soviet army had been taken, and 7.62-mm cartridges arr. In 1949, in conjunction with a Kalashnikov assault rifle by the Soviet army had been taken, and 7.62-mm cartridges arr. 1943, with the listed types of bullets. Subsequently, improved patron arr. 1943, with an ordinary bullet with steel core was carried out to improve the disruptive actions of a bullet (for the destruction of living force in the personal armor), a tracer, to increase the burning time tracers and delay the start of combustion. In improving the bullets great importance was the use of a new charge gunpowders spherical granulation. It is known that the priority of creating a spherical powder granulation belongs to the United States. Its main advantage - graviometricheskaya high density (density of filled shells) - about 0.85 g/cm3, the increased progressiveness of combustion and high-tech manufacturing. This allows, with equal charging chamber, to ensure greater muzzle energy of the pool, or, with equal muzzle energy, reduce the size cartridges.
Initially the 7,62 x39 cartridge manufactured only with bimetallic shell - steel clad tombac. But in 1948, owing to difficulties in obtaining the bimetal, the bulk of which is mainly supplied from the United States for lend-lease, machine sleeve chuck latunirovannoy were made of steel. Process latunirovaniya brought in German industry, was associated with the use of potent poisons. Therefore, with the development of production of bimetal with the Soviet Union in 1952, automatic liner again made from this material. Subsequently, in early 1960, the number of enterprises has been the production of steel and lacquered shells (coated with varnish green), which provided significant savings tombac. Even in our time, production of steel shells with a polymeric coating (water-polymer solution), which significantly reduced the harmful production.
Battle cartridges:
Cartridges with ordinary bullets fired «7,62-mm cartridge arr. 1943, with a bullet with steel core FP »(FS - bullet« surrogatirovannaya »; subsequently began to use the term -« bullet with steel core »), the so -« 7,62 R », is intended to destroy living purposes, located in public or Light for shelters, soft-skinned vehicles and fire equipment. Initially, the cartridge with a bimetallic shell code - 57-H-231S. Began in the early 1960's cartridge with steel lacquered shell received code - 57-N-231SL. But over time, felt it inappropriate to specify the material cartridges index cartridge, and cartridges with a bullet with steel core have been a single index - 57-H-231. Common bullet consists of a steel shell, clad on both sides of a layer of red brass, stamped steel core of low-carbon steel 10 and lead-shirts. In the middle of the bullets performed knurl ring, which upset dultse sleeves when assembling the holder. In the 1960's, was constructed and tested a pilot batch of cartridges with bullets FS, steel shell which instead tombac was covered in green paint. Netermouprochnennym core bullet with a steel punch helmet at a distance of 900 m and fragmentation vest at a distance of 600 m. The distinctive color of the bullet of this cartridge does not have.
Since 1962, dultse the junction of shells and bullets fired from the edge primers to improve the moisture-borne varnish germetizatorom. In the 1962-1963 biennium. nail polish color was purple, and from 1964 lacquer on cartridges with any type of bullets has become red. Since 1984, when instead of rifle piroksilinovogo gunpowder was used spherical powder granulation, at the rear of the bullet was made to facilitate the assignment patronirovaniya. Give address getting smaller poroshinok dultsa between the walls and bullet. The distinctive color of the bullet cartridges also no.
A long time, the question of technological production cartridges prevailed on a possible increase in disruptive actions of a bullet - as you know, it is provided in the basic materials and form the core. In particular, to prevent hardening the core, but its form was determined by labor-stamping. In particular, to prevent hardening the core, but its form was determined by labor-stamping. Nevertheless, the wide dissemination of personal armor, providing protection from the bullets with a steel core of low-carbon steel, required to improve patrons. Beginning in 1989, to increase the disruptive actions of the bullets began to apply the core termouprochnenny increased hardness. Its made from vysokouglerodistoy spring-spring steel grades 65Г, 70, 75, followed by heat treatment. Disruptive effect of the bullets with a new core for a strong barrier to increased 1,5-2 times. The bullet to the core provides termouprochnennym of Perforation of steel helmets at ranges of 1000 m; fragmentation vest at a distance of 700 m and protivopulnogo armor that protects against bullets from automatic netermouprochnennym core, at a distance of 100 m. The distinctive color of the bullet of this cartridge does not have. From bullets to netermouprochnennym core a new cartridge can be distinguished only by year of release.
Cartridges with a tracer bullet:
«7,62-mm cartridge arr. 1943, with tracer bullet T-45 », the so -« 7,62 T-45 », the index - 57-T-231P is designed to target and adjust the lamp at the firing range to 800 meters, as well as to engage manpower . Cartridge comes with bimetallic or lacquered steel cartridges. In the period from 1949 to 1951. including cartridge manufactured with latunirovannoy shell.
In bimetallic shell tracer bullets in her head, zapressovan core of the lead-surmyanistogo alloy. Behind the house the core tombac clad steel cup with zapressovannym a pyrotechnic composition (vosplamenitelny, transitional, and trace). To avoid damaging the tracer bullet of the T-45 has no knurl. In the bottom part of the bullet is enshrined ring, it performs the role of the nozzle and provides a uniform expiration of the products of combustion of the tracer.
When firing from the combustion of gunpowder charge is transferred vosplamenitelnomu composition. After the departure of the bullet from the barrel bore from the burning of vosplamenitelnogo and then transferred to the Transitional tracer composition. Burning, glowing bright tracers gives trace of red, clearly visible day and night. If ingestion of bullet is capable of easily ignite them. In 1973, tracing the cartridge has been redesigned. Changing the design of bullets has increased the volume of the charging chamber, thereby facilitating the selection of the charge on different batches of gunpowder, to ensure the stability of ballistic performance and failure to obtain employment of weapons.
This modernization of tracer holder conducting staff TSNIITOCHMASH - VM Sabelnikov (manager), PS Sabelnikov (manager), PS Korolev and AT Korolev and AT Khomyakova. In the late 1990's, engineers TSNIITOCHMASH LI Novozhilov, etc. Novozhilov, etc. Vasilyeva was upgraded bullet tracers T-45. The new cartridge was the full name - «7,62-mm cartridge arr. 1943, with modernized tracer bullet T-45m ». It was adopted in 2002 under the symbol 57-T-231PM1. Upgrade would increase the range of trace to 850 m and has started burning tracer composition in the 50 - 120 m from the muzzle cut. This delay allows for better combustion tracers mask fire an arrow, and provides continuous monitoring of the battlefield through the night sights from the electron-optical converters. Vershinka tracer bullets bullets all painted green. There are cartridges with a tracer bullet, made in early 1960-ies. Having no color, but with germetizatrom green at dultsa sleeves and on the edge of cap.
Cartridge with armor-incendiary bullet:
«7,62-mm cartridge arr. 1943, with armor-incendiary bullet BR », the so -« 7,62 BR », index - 57-BR-231, is designed to defeat the purposes of light, igniting the fuel behind armor or thick-walled container, and for the destruction of living force behind the guise of light armor at ranges of up to 300 m.
Cartridge manufactured with latunirovannoy or bimetallic shell. Armor-incendiary bullet consists of a steel, coated with a shell tombac tompakovym point, heat-treated steel core with a lead jacket and the incendiary composition is in the lead pallet. When the bullet hits on the breastplate of lead pallet, moving on inertia forward, compresses the incendiary composition and thus ignite it. Flame through the hole, пробитое steel core, penetrates the zabronevoe space and is able to ignite the fuel.
Armor-incendiary bullet pierces the steel helmet at a distance of 1100 m and a fragmentation vest at a distance of 1000 m. Plate armor thickness 7 mm punches at a distance of 200 m. Vershinka bullet is painted black with red bands. In cardboard boxes, metal boxes and wooden crates of bullets sprayed BR oblique black and red stripe.
Cartridge incendiary bullet:
«7,62-mm cartridge arr. 1943, an incendiary bullet G », the so -« 7,62 W », index - 57-3-231, for ignition of flammable liquids (gasoline, kerosene) in steel tanks with wall thickness up to 3 mm, as well as easily illuminated material (dry grass, straw, etc.) at distances up to 700 m. According to their construction and operation of the bullet «7,62 W», is a type of incendiary bullets to fire pyrotechnic composition, and a piercing, tracer, providing surveillance of the shooting on good visibility (up to 700 m day and night) along the red. Cartridge manufactured with latunirovannoy or bimetallic shell. The bullet consists of a steel, coated tombac, envelope with tompakovym point, incendiary composition is in the head of the bullet, the core of low-carbon steel jacket of the lead-antimony alloy, bimetallic cup with pyrotechnic composition (vosplamenitelny, transitional, and trace) and the ring (the designation is the same as in other tracer cartridges).
When a bullet hits a hard target occurs sharp dynamic compression and heating of the incendiary, moving forward steel core, resulting in the incendiary composition ignite. Wrinkle point bullets, the shell is deployed, and the flames of incendiary composition provides lighting purpose. At a meeting with the target low-density, due to the low sensitivity of bullets, incendiary composition may not ignite. There are two versions with different bullets ogival radius parts. More acute, appearing at a later date, to a lesser extent, deviate from the trajectory of bullets FS. Vershinka bullet cartridge «7,62 W» is painted in red. In cardboard boxes, metal boxes and wooden crates with incendiary bullets sprayed oblique red band. Cartridge with armor-flammable and incendiary bullets were collected manually and have a high cost. Planned to use them only during the period of hostilities. For training, these cartridges are usually not used. Once had accumulated sufficient reserves of ammunition with a bullet BR and W, their production was discontinued. Currently rounds with armor-flammable and incendiary bullets removed from production, but may occur in the army reserves.
Cartridge with a bullet to the reduced speed:
In mid-1950's to equip the intelligence and reconnaissance and sabotage units and the hidden destruction of unprotected living purposes in a range up to 400 m has been developed and adopted in 1962 by the «7,62-mm cartridge with a reduced rate of U.S. bullets», the so - «7,62 U.S.», index - 57-H-231U. This cartridge is designed for firing from AK (AKS, AKM, AKMS, AK-103 and AK-104) with devices for silent shooting and besplamennoy PBS or PBS-1. Cartridge with a bullet, along with U.S. appliances PBS and PBS-1 was designed in SRI-61 engineers NM Elizarov (chief designer of the office, set designer), BV Semin (chuck), KV Smekaevym (chuck), LI Golubeva (silencer), ME Fedorov, and MA Kuzmina. Cartridge comes with bimetallic or lacquered steel cartridges. Increased weight bullets (it was 12.5 g) for the purpose of energy conservation has been achieved by increasing its length -33.62 mm (length of a bullet cartridge 7.62 FS -26.8 mm). Providing the necessary steps have been pushing the use of a core of tool steel U12A, located at the head of the bullet. Lead core, which is located behind him, not only provides the necessary weight, but also performs the role of the jacket. The selected diameter of -7.94 mm bullets (all other bullet diameter is 7.92 mm) - ensures tight incision bullets in narezy and a propellant gas pressure in the channel barrel. The bullet, receiving the initial subsonic speed, does not create waves on the ballistic trajectory, and muffler (PBS) reduces the rate of flow of gases from the muzzle of the barrel. The bullet is able to penetrate the U.S. steel helmet at ranges up to 400 m and a fragmentation vest at a distance of 75 m. The color code - black vershinka with green bands. In cardboard boxes, metal boxes and wooden crates of bullets sprayed CS oblique black-and-green stripe.
Cartridge with armor bullet:
The establishment in 1980-1990's relatively light protivopulnyh jackets with a high level of security and the saturation of the ground forces of many armies the world has led to the need to improve the cartridge with an ordinary bullet. In the late 1990's this modernization was carried out at the Barnaul Machine-Tool Plant DI Verona and VV Zaharyaschevym. In the course of modernizing changes were a form, the material (instead of low-carbon steel, have begun using the tool steel U12A) and the heat core. As a result, the bullet was the armor. The new cartridge was adopted in 2002 and received a name - «7,62-mm cartridge sample 1943 with an armor bullet BP», the so - «7,62 BP», index - 7N23. The new cartridge is designed to defeat the purposes of living in personal armor (located in public or behind shelters), soft-skinned vehicles and fire equipment. The device is similar to a bullet cartridge 7N23 (excluding core) cartridge with a bullet with steel core 7,62 FS. Collet chuck - lacquered steel. New patron for more than three times exceeded the penetration of hard targets, with a bullet cartridge FS. At the distance of 200 m core piercing bullets penetrate new cartridge 5-mm armor-plate mark 2P and 250-m protivopul-ing flak jacket type 6B5. In doing so, provided the trajectory of bullets sopryagaemost new cartridge with a bullet with a steel core. Color code - black vershinka.
Cartridge with a bullet with a reduced ability rikoshetiruyuschey:
In 2002 - 2003. for the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation has developed a number of rounds (9x18, 9x19, 5,45 x39, 7,62 x39 and 7,62 x54R) filled with bullets from a reduced ability rikoshetiruyuschey (PRS). Unlike ordinary bullets type FS (pst, FSC), the type of PRS pulyah no steel core. The need to create special cartridges of this type is related to the peculiarities of the tactics of special MUP units, the majority of combat operations or special operations are conducted in the settlements. In doing so, small arms fire is in the small range. In such situations, high-velocity bullets ordinary iron core leads to a lot of rebound from the walls of buildings, concrete fences, pavement, etc. This poses a real threat to the defeat of his troops. Bullets in the same type of ORS enters solid barrier wrinkle quickly lose speed and do not provide such quantities of dangerous rebound as bullets with a steel core.
Blank cartridge:
To simulate the sound of a shot during the shooting training, as well as works by salutes used blank cartridge. Together with the bush fire to idle screw on the muzzle of the barrel automatic or manual and machine-gun fire to create the necessary pressure of powder gases in the barrel, blank cartridge provides the moving parts of automatic weapons. Blank cartridge and muzzle device (hub for firing blank) were developed by NII-61 Designer Е.Т. Rozanova in 1949 received a chuck full name - «7,62-mm blank cartridge arr. 1943 », the so -« 7,62 wifeless arr. 43 »and the index - 57-X-231. Blank cartridges are produced with the bimetallic or lacquered steel cartridges. Blank cartridges, built in 1949 -1951 he was. Have latunirovannuyu steel sleeve. Blank cartridge is different from fighting a lack of bullets and cartridge cases dultsem long. Dultse compression sleeves asterisk and sealing lacquer layer is covered with purple or red. Powder charge consists of 0.73 g of the porous powder pistol brand P-125. Blank cartridge arr. 1943, shorter than the battle, its length is 48.2 mm. When firing from the primers, igniters ignite the powder charge and pressure created by an asterisk unclasp cogging dultsa. The shot is accompanied by a characteristic sound, flash of flame and smoke.
Training Cartridge:
To learn how to loader arms, production shots and equipment stores used a training cartridge. His full name - «7,62-mm dummy cartridge arr. 1943 », conditional -« 7,62 OUCH obr.43 »and index - 57-N-231uch. Chuck is made using the basic details of the holder of an ordinary bullet with steel core 7.62 FS, but does not contain a powder charge and has a cap-oholoschenny igniter or brass cap from the primer-igniter. Cartridge comes with bimetallic or steel lacquered shell. Increasing the strength of attachment to dultse bullet casings, in order to avoid its loss during training on loading arms, provide further crimping dultsa to the pool. Bullet Training patron does not have a distinctive color, but the cartridge holder are made of four symmetrically located longitudinal vydavki.
Cartridge high pressure:
Cartridge high-pressure, full name - «7,62-mm cartridge arr. 1943 high pressure », conditional -« 7,62 WA arr. 43 »and the index - 57-H-231 B, has been developed in SRI-61 (leading designer KV Smekaev). WA Cartridge is designed to test the strength of billet shafts, and is used only for the manufacturer of weapons. More powder charge and a special bullets designed to provide more high-pressure propellant gases during firing than conventional bullets. The same pressure is provided by live ammunition at temperatures - 60 ° C and + 70 ° C. This cartridge comes with bimetallic or steel lacquered shell.
The bullet of this cartridge consists of a bimetallic shell and lead core. It sharply differs in form and design of bullets live ammunition. The bullet has a short ogival portion and a flat vershinku. In the bottom part has a conical bullets deeper to ensure a dense prizhimaniya leadership of a bullet to the inner surface of the barrel bore. The leading portion of the bullet at a distance of about 14 mm from the bottom has the stepped transition from a diameter of 7.92 mm up to 7,58 mm. Through a long bullet cartridge has a large overall length to 5.5 mm, which excludes the possibility of loading it into established stores of weapons. The distinctive color of the bullet does not have. Cartridges early years of release may have a yellow color throughout the surface of the bullet. At the packing boxes and boxes has the inscription «High Pressure».
Cartridge enhanced charge:
«7,62-mm cartridge arr. , 1943 reinforced charge », the so -« 7,62 W obr.43 », index - 7SCH6 designed to test the strength of the locking mechanism and weapons used in the manufacture of weapons and their repairs. It creates the same pressure in the channel of the trunk, as if shooting live "ammunition at a temperature of + 70 ° C. Cartridges KM equipped piroksilinovym smokeless powder grades P-45 or P-125 and an ordinary bullet with steel core. For the differences from the live ammunition bullet Bullet KM painted with black varnish on most of the length of a bullet or to the place dultsa crimping sleeves. At the packing boxes and crates has intensified charge inscription ». Their use in the bombing is strictly prohibited. 7,62 KM Cartridges are manufactured with steel and bimetallic lacquered cartridges.
Exemplary cartridge:
For the control of the measuring means (in the ballistic tests), and ballistic weapons, as well as for the certification of the arms for excellent cartridges. The designs are similar to an ordinary cartridge with a bullet with steel core, but all parts are manufactured with greater precision (with half the limit). This ensures more stable ballistic characteristics of bullet velocity and pressure of powder gases. Vershinka bullets exemplary patron arr. 1943 painted in white. At the packing model bullets sprayed the inscription «Model».
Cartridges for throwing grenades:
Based on 7.62-mm cartridges cartridge sample of 1943 have been set up ad hoc subsidiary cartridges for throwing grenades and pistol cartridge for a special set. In 1950, Soviet Army, was adopted rifle grenade VG-45 (attached to the muzzle of the carbine SKS). The firing of rifle grenades were grenades with anti-HSV-1 rifle and fragmentation grenades VOG-1. They were throwing a grenade was carried out with the help of special blank cartridges PHS-45 (a special blank cartridge). For the throwing of grenades from a 30-mm silent under-barrel grenade launchers, small-set «Silence» on the basis of cartridge casings arr. 1943 Designer TSNIITOMASH MI Lysenko was a special patron vyshibnoy PHS-19 (a special blank cartridge). Bullet casings Dultse this cogging star. He is shorter than blank cartridges. Noiseless shooting from the grenade complex provides piston placed inside the barrel grenade launcher. In the process of shot powder gas pressure on the plunger, which, in turn, pushed the barrel of a grenade. After making the necessary momentum going grenade gas dynamic braking piston. As a result, in front of the piston comes with a minimum speed. Powder gas piston in the trunk cut off the grenade launcher and gradually fight in the air. Granata the initial velocity of about 100 m / s, providing sight range of about 300 m.
Cartridge for a special pistol complex:
Specific tasks underwater saboteurs, demanded in 1970 the creation of a special assembly tool. Based on the cartridge casings arr. 1943, was established in TSNIITOCHMASH 7.94-mm special cartridge PS1 with dowels for attaching devices to the structures created from different materials - such as steel, concrete, wood. Also at the Institute under this cartridge was developed fulgurant device. The use of specially-pistola complex SPC-1 might not only on land but under water. The complex was developed by a team of specialists within the VI Abramov, VI Zubacheva and PI Serdyukov. In 1979, he accepted to supply the Navy.
Despite the fact that it is now officially on the armament of the Russian army is 5,45 x39 mm cartridge and arms under it, the troops are a considerable number of rifles and hand guns Kalashnikov caliber 7,62 x39 mm.
Work on the interim holder of the Soviet Union began in 1939, although the question was put about that much earlier. To study the question was designed cartridge caliber 5,45 mm, and was given the task of automatic rifles for the design of this cartridge. However, with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the designers have been diverted to more urgent work.
Development of intermediate cartridge was re-launched in 1943, after members of Technical Board of the People's Commissariat of arms (IEC) were introduced to the captured samples captured at the front of the Nazis, as well as provided to the USSR to familiarize the American self-M1 carbine.
Particular attention is attracted professionals new German bullet caliber 7.92 mm with a length of 33 mm shells and developed under his carbine DCA 42 [N] to be tested in the current Army. This cartridge has a length of 48 mm mass of 16.2 g. When the mass of the bullet 8,2 g and the initial velocity of 700 m / s it provided sight-range shooting at 800 m. At the meeting it was decided that the need for a patron for the replacement of the reduced power rifle cartridge in such weapons as the self (auto) rifle and hand gun, as well as new types of small arms under him. This cartridge has a length of 48 mm mass of 16.2 g. When the mass of the bullet 8,2 g and the initial velocity of 700 m / s it provided sight-range shooting at 800 m. At the meeting it was decided that the need for a patron for the replacement of the reduced power rifle cartridge in such weapons as the self (auto) rifle and hand gun, as well as new types of small arms under him. On the basis of a new intermediate cartridge was easy to create customized automatic weapons are more effective range of fire than the pistol-machine gun. On the basis of a new intermediate cartridge was easy to create customized automatic weapons are more effective range of fire than the pistol-machine gun. Responsible for the development of a new cartridge was designated OKB-44 (later SRI-44, which in 1949 became part of the NII-61 and upgraded in 1966 in TSNIITOCHMASH).
To determine the optimal characteristics of the holder were calculated on the choice of the velocity and bullet weight for the caliber of 5,6 mm, 6,5 mm and 7,62 mm. Those calibers were selected as the most frequently encountered in practice.
The new holder caliber 7,62 mm were the following requirements: bush needs to be a modern form - without flange, lower weight and dimensions than the rifle cartridge, reduced to 20% (compared with a rifle) power chuck; energy bullets at the range 1000 m should be not less than 25 kgm. Interim cartridge was used to fire from automatic carbines, machine guns, automatic rifles and machine gun hand. Weapons under a new cartridge should be easy, including by reducing the length of the trunk. To this end, thought it possible to use rifles, machine guns (rifles) fine rifle barrels, without fear of overheating, because the shooting of which was to be carried out mainly by single shots, and only sometimes in the most critical moments of battle - automatic fire. Considering flat trajectory of one of the main characteristics of the holder of the OKB-44 from the beginning, it was agreed that this cartridge must be better than German. A patron 7,92 x33 range of direct shot (DPA) was 300 m, for our adopted DPA equal 325 m. It is September 3, 1943 by the Technical Council of the IEC were considered the first two option holder has been chosen one of them (later called the 7 ,62-mm sample 1943). Following the September meeting of all the weapons CB Research and testing of small arms and mortar GAU (NIPSMVO) have been initiated to develop a forward-looking automatic weapons ammunition.
In December 1943 the first batch of cartridges with a bullet with lead core (this assigned code holder 57-H-231) was tested on the ground. After some refinement, with the March 1944 issue has begun pilot production of 7.62-mm cartridges arr. After some refinement, with the March 1944 issue has begun pilot production of 7.62-mm cartridges arr. 1943 The original version of the holder sleeve has a length of 41 mm and a bullet with lead core, without the rear cone, and a short head.
Developed in that time, samples of weapons under a new cartridge - automatic rifle and automatic rifle (machine) - were designed primarily for shooting single shots. It was assumed that an automatic fire while shooting an automatic rifle was used only in close combat (in the range 100-200 m). Accordingly, during the development of a Bullet arr. 1943, focused on providing the necessary accuracy of shooting single shots, the shot-range of direct and punchy action bullets. High accuracy of fire with automatic fire from the new holder is not required. But later, after the adoption of the AC, the main type of fire from machine to improve the density of the fire (fire density - the number of pellets per linear meter per minute), have come to believe the shooting in bursts, regardless of the distance to the goal. It is fair, it should be noted that the probability of falling into the goal when shooting in bursts increased but slightly, while consumption increased in proportion to patrons queue.
In 1944, after receiving the first results of tests, started work on improving the holder in order to improve its accuracy and penetration. Headache (ogival) of the bullets had been extended, which made it possible to improve the ballistic coefficient, while maintaining the mass of the bullet. A bullet had entered the rear cone, thus reducing air resistance bullets fly, not only as if it was thought at subsonic speeds (ie, when shooting at long range), but also with supersonic speed bullet. To keep the overall length of cartridge casings dultse was shortened by 2 mm, and increased depth of planting a bullet in the sleeve. To keep the overall length of cartridge casings dultse was shortened by 2 mm, and increased depth of planting a bullet in the sleeve. Bush won the final length of 38.7 mm (in the marking of the length of 7,62 x39 cartridge casings indicated rounded). After that, work began on replacing the lead core of steel. The bullet with steel core has received the name - «surrogatirovannaya». Its length has increased from 22.8 mm, the first option, to 26.8 mm. The main argument for the use of low-carbon steel core, it was not so much an increase in disruptive actions of a bullet, but the savings deficit lead (50%) and manufacturability stamping core. Besides the technology of manufacturing has been borrowed from the holder of TT. It should be noted that while the primary measure of disruptive actions of a bullet was to evaluate the possibility of Perforation of steel Army helmets at ranges of 800 - 1000 m. By mid 1947, all marked on the test gaps holder arr. 1943, with an ordinary bullet was removed, and the GAU has decided to manufacture a series of rounds of ammunition and advanced weapons for the military trials.
In order to enhance the tactical capabilities of weapons of perspective, and based on the experience of creating 7.62-mm rifle cartridges for various purposes, along with the patron with an ordinary bullet, was the development of ammunition arr. 1943, with special bullets: armor-incendiary (designed in 1944), incendiary and tracer (developed in 1948). 1943, with special bullets: armor-incendiary (designed in 1944), incendiary and tracer (developed in 1948). In 1949, in conjunction with a Kalashnikov assault rifle by the Soviet army had been taken, and 7.62-mm cartridges arr. In 1949, in conjunction with a Kalashnikov assault rifle by the Soviet army had been taken, and 7.62-mm cartridges arr. 1943, with the listed types of bullets. Subsequently, improved patron arr. 1943, with an ordinary bullet with steel core was carried out to improve the disruptive actions of a bullet (for the destruction of living force in the personal armor), a tracer, to increase the burning time tracers and delay the start of combustion. In improving the bullets great importance was the use of a new charge gunpowders spherical granulation. It is known that the priority of creating a spherical powder granulation belongs to the United States. Its main advantage - graviometricheskaya high density (density of filled shells) - about 0.85 g/cm3, the increased progressiveness of combustion and high-tech manufacturing. This allows, with equal charging chamber, to ensure greater muzzle energy of the pool, or, with equal muzzle energy, reduce the size cartridges.
Initially the 7,62 x39 cartridge manufactured only with bimetallic shell - steel clad tombac. But in 1948, owing to difficulties in obtaining the bimetal, the bulk of which is mainly supplied from the United States for lend-lease, machine sleeve chuck latunirovannoy were made of steel. Process latunirovaniya brought in German industry, was associated with the use of potent poisons. Therefore, with the development of production of bimetal with the Soviet Union in 1952, automatic liner again made from this material. Subsequently, in early 1960, the number of enterprises has been the production of steel and lacquered shells (coated with varnish green), which provided significant savings tombac. Even in our time, production of steel shells with a polymeric coating (water-polymer solution), which significantly reduced the harmful production.
Battle cartridges:
Cartridges with ordinary bullets fired «7,62-mm cartridge arr. 1943, with a bullet with steel core FP »(FS - bullet« surrogatirovannaya »; subsequently began to use the term -« bullet with steel core »), the so -« 7,62 R », is intended to destroy living purposes, located in public or Light for shelters, soft-skinned vehicles and fire equipment. Initially, the cartridge with a bimetallic shell code - 57-H-231S. Began in the early 1960's cartridge with steel lacquered shell received code - 57-N-231SL. But over time, felt it inappropriate to specify the material cartridges index cartridge, and cartridges with a bullet with steel core have been a single index - 57-H-231. Common bullet consists of a steel shell, clad on both sides of a layer of red brass, stamped steel core of low-carbon steel 10 and lead-shirts. In the middle of the bullets performed knurl ring, which upset dultse sleeves when assembling the holder. In the 1960's, was constructed and tested a pilot batch of cartridges with bullets FS, steel shell which instead tombac was covered in green paint. Netermouprochnennym core bullet with a steel punch helmet at a distance of 900 m and fragmentation vest at a distance of 600 m. The distinctive color of the bullet of this cartridge does not have.
Since 1962, dultse the junction of shells and bullets fired from the edge primers to improve the moisture-borne varnish germetizatorom. In the 1962-1963 biennium. nail polish color was purple, and from 1964 lacquer on cartridges with any type of bullets has become red. Since 1984, when instead of rifle piroksilinovogo gunpowder was used spherical powder granulation, at the rear of the bullet was made to facilitate the assignment patronirovaniya. Give address getting smaller poroshinok dultsa between the walls and bullet. The distinctive color of the bullet cartridges also no.
A long time, the question of technological production cartridges prevailed on a possible increase in disruptive actions of a bullet - as you know, it is provided in the basic materials and form the core. In particular, to prevent hardening the core, but its form was determined by labor-stamping. In particular, to prevent hardening the core, but its form was determined by labor-stamping. Nevertheless, the wide dissemination of personal armor, providing protection from the bullets with a steel core of low-carbon steel, required to improve patrons. Beginning in 1989, to increase the disruptive actions of the bullets began to apply the core termouprochnenny increased hardness. Its made from vysokouglerodistoy spring-spring steel grades 65Г, 70, 75, followed by heat treatment. Disruptive effect of the bullets with a new core for a strong barrier to increased 1,5-2 times. The bullet to the core provides termouprochnennym of Perforation of steel helmets at ranges of 1000 m; fragmentation vest at a distance of 700 m and protivopulnogo armor that protects against bullets from automatic netermouprochnennym core, at a distance of 100 m. The distinctive color of the bullet of this cartridge does not have. From bullets to netermouprochnennym core a new cartridge can be distinguished only by year of release.
Cartridges with a tracer bullet:
«7,62-mm cartridge arr. 1943, with tracer bullet T-45 », the so -« 7,62 T-45 », the index - 57-T-231P is designed to target and adjust the lamp at the firing range to 800 meters, as well as to engage manpower . Cartridge comes with bimetallic or lacquered steel cartridges. In the period from 1949 to 1951. including cartridge manufactured with latunirovannoy shell.
In bimetallic shell tracer bullets in her head, zapressovan core of the lead-surmyanistogo alloy. Behind the house the core tombac clad steel cup with zapressovannym a pyrotechnic composition (vosplamenitelny, transitional, and trace). To avoid damaging the tracer bullet of the T-45 has no knurl. In the bottom part of the bullet is enshrined ring, it performs the role of the nozzle and provides a uniform expiration of the products of combustion of the tracer.
When firing from the combustion of gunpowder charge is transferred vosplamenitelnomu composition. After the departure of the bullet from the barrel bore from the burning of vosplamenitelnogo and then transferred to the Transitional tracer composition. Burning, glowing bright tracers gives trace of red, clearly visible day and night. If ingestion of bullet is capable of easily ignite them. In 1973, tracing the cartridge has been redesigned. Changing the design of bullets has increased the volume of the charging chamber, thereby facilitating the selection of the charge on different batches of gunpowder, to ensure the stability of ballistic performance and failure to obtain employment of weapons.
This modernization of tracer holder conducting staff TSNIITOCHMASH - VM Sabelnikov (manager), PS Sabelnikov (manager), PS Korolev and AT Korolev and AT Khomyakova. In the late 1990's, engineers TSNIITOCHMASH LI Novozhilov, etc. Novozhilov, etc. Vasilyeva was upgraded bullet tracers T-45. The new cartridge was the full name - «7,62-mm cartridge arr. 1943, with modernized tracer bullet T-45m ». It was adopted in 2002 under the symbol 57-T-231PM1. Upgrade would increase the range of trace to 850 m and has started burning tracer composition in the 50 - 120 m from the muzzle cut. This delay allows for better combustion tracers mask fire an arrow, and provides continuous monitoring of the battlefield through the night sights from the electron-optical converters. Vershinka tracer bullets bullets all painted green. There are cartridges with a tracer bullet, made in early 1960-ies. Having no color, but with germetizatrom green at dultsa sleeves and on the edge of cap.
Cartridge with armor-incendiary bullet:
«7,62-mm cartridge arr. 1943, with armor-incendiary bullet BR », the so -« 7,62 BR », index - 57-BR-231, is designed to defeat the purposes of light, igniting the fuel behind armor or thick-walled container, and for the destruction of living force behind the guise of light armor at ranges of up to 300 m.
Cartridge manufactured with latunirovannoy or bimetallic shell. Armor-incendiary bullet consists of a steel, coated with a shell tombac tompakovym point, heat-treated steel core with a lead jacket and the incendiary composition is in the lead pallet. When the bullet hits on the breastplate of lead pallet, moving on inertia forward, compresses the incendiary composition and thus ignite it. Flame through the hole, пробитое steel core, penetrates the zabronevoe space and is able to ignite the fuel.
Armor-incendiary bullet pierces the steel helmet at a distance of 1100 m and a fragmentation vest at a distance of 1000 m. Plate armor thickness 7 mm punches at a distance of 200 m. Vershinka bullet is painted black with red bands. In cardboard boxes, metal boxes and wooden crates of bullets sprayed BR oblique black and red stripe.
Cartridge incendiary bullet:
«7,62-mm cartridge arr. 1943, an incendiary bullet G », the so -« 7,62 W », index - 57-3-231, for ignition of flammable liquids (gasoline, kerosene) in steel tanks with wall thickness up to 3 mm, as well as easily illuminated material (dry grass, straw, etc.) at distances up to 700 m. According to their construction and operation of the bullet «7,62 W», is a type of incendiary bullets to fire pyrotechnic composition, and a piercing, tracer, providing surveillance of the shooting on good visibility (up to 700 m day and night) along the red. Cartridge manufactured with latunirovannoy or bimetallic shell. The bullet consists of a steel, coated tombac, envelope with tompakovym point, incendiary composition is in the head of the bullet, the core of low-carbon steel jacket of the lead-antimony alloy, bimetallic cup with pyrotechnic composition (vosplamenitelny, transitional, and trace) and the ring (the designation is the same as in other tracer cartridges).
When a bullet hits a hard target occurs sharp dynamic compression and heating of the incendiary, moving forward steel core, resulting in the incendiary composition ignite. Wrinkle point bullets, the shell is deployed, and the flames of incendiary composition provides lighting purpose. At a meeting with the target low-density, due to the low sensitivity of bullets, incendiary composition may not ignite. There are two versions with different bullets ogival radius parts. More acute, appearing at a later date, to a lesser extent, deviate from the trajectory of bullets FS. Vershinka bullet cartridge «7,62 W» is painted in red. In cardboard boxes, metal boxes and wooden crates with incendiary bullets sprayed oblique red band. Cartridge with armor-flammable and incendiary bullets were collected manually and have a high cost. Planned to use them only during the period of hostilities. For training, these cartridges are usually not used. Once had accumulated sufficient reserves of ammunition with a bullet BR and W, their production was discontinued. Currently rounds with armor-flammable and incendiary bullets removed from production, but may occur in the army reserves.
Cartridge with a bullet to the reduced speed:
In mid-1950's to equip the intelligence and reconnaissance and sabotage units and the hidden destruction of unprotected living purposes in a range up to 400 m has been developed and adopted in 1962 by the «7,62-mm cartridge with a reduced rate of U.S. bullets», the so - «7,62 U.S.», index - 57-H-231U. This cartridge is designed for firing from AK (AKS, AKM, AKMS, AK-103 and AK-104) with devices for silent shooting and besplamennoy PBS or PBS-1. Cartridge with a bullet, along with U.S. appliances PBS and PBS-1 was designed in SRI-61 engineers NM Elizarov (chief designer of the office, set designer), BV Semin (chuck), KV Smekaevym (chuck), LI Golubeva (silencer), ME Fedorov, and MA Kuzmina. Cartridge comes with bimetallic or lacquered steel cartridges. Increased weight bullets (it was 12.5 g) for the purpose of energy conservation has been achieved by increasing its length -33.62 mm (length of a bullet cartridge 7.62 FS -26.8 mm). Providing the necessary steps have been pushing the use of a core of tool steel U12A, located at the head of the bullet. Lead core, which is located behind him, not only provides the necessary weight, but also performs the role of the jacket. The selected diameter of -7.94 mm bullets (all other bullet diameter is 7.92 mm) - ensures tight incision bullets in narezy and a propellant gas pressure in the channel barrel. The bullet, receiving the initial subsonic speed, does not create waves on the ballistic trajectory, and muffler (PBS) reduces the rate of flow of gases from the muzzle of the barrel. The bullet is able to penetrate the U.S. steel helmet at ranges up to 400 m and a fragmentation vest at a distance of 75 m. The color code - black vershinka with green bands. In cardboard boxes, metal boxes and wooden crates of bullets sprayed CS oblique black-and-green stripe.
Cartridge with armor bullet:
The establishment in 1980-1990's relatively light protivopulnyh jackets with a high level of security and the saturation of the ground forces of many armies the world has led to the need to improve the cartridge with an ordinary bullet. In the late 1990's this modernization was carried out at the Barnaul Machine-Tool Plant DI Verona and VV Zaharyaschevym. In the course of modernizing changes were a form, the material (instead of low-carbon steel, have begun using the tool steel U12A) and the heat core. As a result, the bullet was the armor. The new cartridge was adopted in 2002 and received a name - «7,62-mm cartridge sample 1943 with an armor bullet BP», the so - «7,62 BP», index - 7N23. The new cartridge is designed to defeat the purposes of living in personal armor (located in public or behind shelters), soft-skinned vehicles and fire equipment. The device is similar to a bullet cartridge 7N23 (excluding core) cartridge with a bullet with steel core 7,62 FS. Collet chuck - lacquered steel. New patron for more than three times exceeded the penetration of hard targets, with a bullet cartridge FS. At the distance of 200 m core piercing bullets penetrate new cartridge 5-mm armor-plate mark 2P and 250-m protivopul-ing flak jacket type 6B5. In doing so, provided the trajectory of bullets sopryagaemost new cartridge with a bullet with a steel core. Color code - black vershinka.
Cartridge with a bullet with a reduced ability rikoshetiruyuschey:
In 2002 - 2003. for the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation has developed a number of rounds (9x18, 9x19, 5,45 x39, 7,62 x39 and 7,62 x54R) filled with bullets from a reduced ability rikoshetiruyuschey (PRS). Unlike ordinary bullets type FS (pst, FSC), the type of PRS pulyah no steel core. The need to create special cartridges of this type is related to the peculiarities of the tactics of special MUP units, the majority of combat operations or special operations are conducted in the settlements. In doing so, small arms fire is in the small range. In such situations, high-velocity bullets ordinary iron core leads to a lot of rebound from the walls of buildings, concrete fences, pavement, etc. This poses a real threat to the defeat of his troops. Bullets in the same type of ORS enters solid barrier wrinkle quickly lose speed and do not provide such quantities of dangerous rebound as bullets with a steel core.
Blank cartridge:
To simulate the sound of a shot during the shooting training, as well as works by salutes used blank cartridge. Together with the bush fire to idle screw on the muzzle of the barrel automatic or manual and machine-gun fire to create the necessary pressure of powder gases in the barrel, blank cartridge provides the moving parts of automatic weapons. Blank cartridge and muzzle device (hub for firing blank) were developed by NII-61 Designer Е.Т. Rozanova in 1949 received a chuck full name - «7,62-mm blank cartridge arr. 1943 », the so -« 7,62 wifeless arr. 43 »and the index - 57-X-231. Blank cartridges are produced with the bimetallic or lacquered steel cartridges. Blank cartridges, built in 1949 -1951 he was. Have latunirovannuyu steel sleeve. Blank cartridge is different from fighting a lack of bullets and cartridge cases dultsem long. Dultse compression sleeves asterisk and sealing lacquer layer is covered with purple or red. Powder charge consists of 0.73 g of the porous powder pistol brand P-125. Blank cartridge arr. 1943, shorter than the battle, its length is 48.2 mm. When firing from the primers, igniters ignite the powder charge and pressure created by an asterisk unclasp cogging dultsa. The shot is accompanied by a characteristic sound, flash of flame and smoke.
Training Cartridge:
To learn how to loader arms, production shots and equipment stores used a training cartridge. His full name - «7,62-mm dummy cartridge arr. 1943 », conditional -« 7,62 OUCH obr.43 »and index - 57-N-231uch. Chuck is made using the basic details of the holder of an ordinary bullet with steel core 7.62 FS, but does not contain a powder charge and has a cap-oholoschenny igniter or brass cap from the primer-igniter. Cartridge comes with bimetallic or steel lacquered shell. Increasing the strength of attachment to dultse bullet casings, in order to avoid its loss during training on loading arms, provide further crimping dultsa to the pool. Bullet Training patron does not have a distinctive color, but the cartridge holder are made of four symmetrically located longitudinal vydavki.
Cartridge high pressure:
Cartridge high-pressure, full name - «7,62-mm cartridge arr. 1943 high pressure », conditional -« 7,62 WA arr. 43 »and the index - 57-H-231 B, has been developed in SRI-61 (leading designer KV Smekaev). WA Cartridge is designed to test the strength of billet shafts, and is used only for the manufacturer of weapons. More powder charge and a special bullets designed to provide more high-pressure propellant gases during firing than conventional bullets. The same pressure is provided by live ammunition at temperatures - 60 ° C and + 70 ° C. This cartridge comes with bimetallic or steel lacquered shell.
The bullet of this cartridge consists of a bimetallic shell and lead core. It sharply differs in form and design of bullets live ammunition. The bullet has a short ogival portion and a flat vershinku. In the bottom part has a conical bullets deeper to ensure a dense prizhimaniya leadership of a bullet to the inner surface of the barrel bore. The leading portion of the bullet at a distance of about 14 mm from the bottom has the stepped transition from a diameter of 7.92 mm up to 7,58 mm. Through a long bullet cartridge has a large overall length to 5.5 mm, which excludes the possibility of loading it into established stores of weapons. The distinctive color of the bullet does not have. Cartridges early years of release may have a yellow color throughout the surface of the bullet. At the packing boxes and boxes has the inscription «High Pressure».
Cartridge enhanced charge:
«7,62-mm cartridge arr. , 1943 reinforced charge », the so -« 7,62 W obr.43 », index - 7SCH6 designed to test the strength of the locking mechanism and weapons used in the manufacture of weapons and their repairs. It creates the same pressure in the channel of the trunk, as if shooting live "ammunition at a temperature of + 70 ° C. Cartridges KM equipped piroksilinovym smokeless powder grades P-45 or P-125 and an ordinary bullet with steel core. For the differences from the live ammunition bullet Bullet KM painted with black varnish on most of the length of a bullet or to the place dultsa crimping sleeves. At the packing boxes and crates has intensified charge inscription ». Their use in the bombing is strictly prohibited. 7,62 KM Cartridges are manufactured with steel and bimetallic lacquered cartridges.
Exemplary cartridge:
For the control of the measuring means (in the ballistic tests), and ballistic weapons, as well as for the certification of the arms for excellent cartridges. The designs are similar to an ordinary cartridge with a bullet with steel core, but all parts are manufactured with greater precision (with half the limit). This ensures more stable ballistic characteristics of bullet velocity and pressure of powder gases. Vershinka bullets exemplary patron arr. 1943 painted in white. At the packing model bullets sprayed the inscription «Model».
Cartridges for throwing grenades:
Based on 7.62-mm cartridges cartridge sample of 1943 have been set up ad hoc subsidiary cartridges for throwing grenades and pistol cartridge for a special set. In 1950, Soviet Army, was adopted rifle grenade VG-45 (attached to the muzzle of the carbine SKS). The firing of rifle grenades were grenades with anti-HSV-1 rifle and fragmentation grenades VOG-1. They were throwing a grenade was carried out with the help of special blank cartridges PHS-45 (a special blank cartridge). For the throwing of grenades from a 30-mm silent under-barrel grenade launchers, small-set «Silence» on the basis of cartridge casings arr. 1943 Designer TSNIITOMASH MI Lysenko was a special patron vyshibnoy PHS-19 (a special blank cartridge). Bullet casings Dultse this cogging star. He is shorter than blank cartridges. Noiseless shooting from the grenade complex provides piston placed inside the barrel grenade launcher. In the process of shot powder gas pressure on the plunger, which, in turn, pushed the barrel of a grenade. After making the necessary momentum going grenade gas dynamic braking piston. As a result, in front of the piston comes with a minimum speed. Powder gas piston in the trunk cut off the grenade launcher and gradually fight in the air. Granata the initial velocity of about 100 m / s, providing sight range of about 300 m.
Cartridge for a special pistol complex:
Specific tasks underwater saboteurs, demanded in 1970 the creation of a special assembly tool. Based on the cartridge casings arr. 1943, was established in TSNIITOCHMASH 7.94-mm special cartridge PS1 with dowels for attaching devices to the structures created from different materials - such as steel, concrete, wood. Also at the Institute under this cartridge was developed fulgurant device. The use of specially-pistola complex SPC-1 might not only on land but under water. The complex was developed by a team of specialists within the VI Abramov, VI Zubacheva and PI Serdyukov. In 1979, he accepted to supply the Navy.
Despite the fact that it is now officially on the armament of the Russian army is 5,45 x39 mm cartridge and arms under it, the troops are a considerable number of rifles and hand guns Kalashnikov caliber 7,62 x39 mm.